Food delivery, quick commerce, and last-mile logistics companies.
Luxembourg or Netherlands on top, national operating companies underneath, one per licence and labour regime.
Quick commerce and food delivery scale by acquiring national operators, so the corporate structure ends up as a holding company stacked above a row of country subsidiaries. Delivery Hero, Just Eat Takeaway and Deliveroo all took that route to public markets; Getir, Flink and Swiggy show the same architecture earlier in its life. Employment classification is the recurring structural risk, and it is decided in each operating entity rather than at the top.
Each profile separates the listed or fundable parent from the operating entities that actually carry the licences and the couriers.
